Organ Transplantation: Medical Significance, Ethical Debates, and Islamic Perspectives

اعضاء کی پیوندکاری: طبّی اہمیت، اخلاقی مباحث اور اسلامی نقطۂ نظر

Abstract

Organ transplantation is regarded as one of the most remarkable achievements of modern medical science, providing survival and renewed life to patients suffering from terminal organ failure. It has not only transformed the practice of medicine but has also introduced complex ethical, legal, and religious debates. In particular, in Muslim societies where the sanctity of life and human dignity are central values, these debates become highly significant. This study seeks to examine organ transplantation from multiple dimensions, beginning with its introduction, medical importance, and practical benefits for patients whose lives are otherwise at risk. The research further explores the moral and legal issues that arise in the process of organ donation and transplantation, such as the use of living or deceased donors, commercialisation of organs, and the risks associated with exploitation of vulnerable individuals. In this context, Islamic teachings provide valuable guidance by encouraging medical treatment and scientific advancement while establishing ethical boundaries to ensure that human life is respected. The study highlights relevant Qur’anic verses, Prophetic traditions, and opinions of classical and contemporary scholars to demonstrate how Islamic jurisprudence addresses the challenges of modern medical practices. By combining medical knowledge with ethical and religious perspectives, this paper underscores that organ transplantation, when performed within the limits of Shariah, reflects the harmony between science and faith. The findings stress the need for continued dialogue among medical professionals, ethicists, and religious scholars to ensure that scientific progress remains aligned with human dignity and divine guidance.