Al-Asr International Research Journal of Islamic Studies

The Veiling (Pardah) of a Woman’s Voice in the Light of Sharaiah Rulling

2025-03-15T15:28:38+00:00

This specific research examines the issue of a woman’s voice in Islamic Shariah, questioning whether it should be regarded as pardah (veil). According to Islam, women should maintain a material form of modesty, but they are not explicitly prohibited from using their voices. If a woman’s voice were meant to be hidden, there would be clear injunctions in the Quran and Hadith regarding her speech with non-mahram males. Women could speak freely even during the time of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) and the Rightly Guided Caliphs (RA). They participated in social and religious activities, narrated hadiths, and took part in discussions. This research seeks to show that some modesty should not restrict women from disseminating religious and social instructions in the modern world. The results highlight the necessity to find an equilibrium that observes Islamic regulations while affording women the liberty to participate actively in the sharing of information.

Islamic Injunctions Presented for Challenging Repugnancy of Laws at Federal Shariat Court of Pakistan An Exploratory Study of Judgments

2025-03-17T04:04:51+00:00

Purpose: The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, 1973, explicitly affirms the sovereignty of Allah Almighty over the entire universe. The authority must be exercised by the people of Pakistan as sacred trust within the limits prescribed by Allah. The Federal Shariat Court of Pakistan (FSC) is established to examine and decide whether any law or provision of law is against the injunctions of Islam as laid down in the Holy Qur’an and the Sunnah of the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him). In this respect, the court, either on its own initiative or on the petition of a citizen of Pakistan, Federal Government or a Provincial Government, examines and decides the conformity of any law with the injunction of Islam. The current study examined the shariat petition judgments shared on repository of FSC for exploring what types and provisions of laws have been challenged and who challenged them. It also explored Islamic injunctions presented by the petitioners for considering these laws repugnant to Islam and highlighted what laws have been declared as repugnant or non-repugnant by the court.

Methodology: The current exploratory study conducted a content analysis of reported judgments shared on the FSC repository. The court has shared 863 full-text reported judgments on its website. A search interface is provided for users to find their intended judgments. All reported judgments have indicated petitions such as shariat petition, criminal revision and criminal appeal etc. Only shariat petitions with original jurisdiction were examined to achieve objectives and judgments in appellate and revisional jurisdictions were excluded. The final sample consists of 62 judgments.

Findings: The results show that majority (89%) of the petitions were filed by ordinary citizens. Only 06% of petitions were filed by associations, organizations or foundations through their representatives and only two sou parte notices (03%) were issued. Federal and Provincial governments, legislators and retired judges did not file any petition. The majority of petitions (82%) challenged the laws or ordinances and the remaining 18% challenged rules/regulations, policies, notifications, customs, bylaws and a book. More than half (55%) of the challenged laws were in conformity with Islam. Nearly one-fourth (24%) of the petitions were declared repugnant to Islamic injunctions and 19% were dismissed due to non-maintainability on different grounds. Different reasons were presented by the FSC judgment for dismissal of petitions. These reasons include procedural nature of law, Muslim laws, bylaw, cases already decided, petition challenging a book, finance law, issue already decided and lack of interest by the petitioner. The Islamic injunctions or principle adopted by petitioners to challenge laws have been explored for all the petitions shared and available on FSC repository.

Conclusion: The current study has provided complete list of laws and provisions of laws which have been challenged in the FSC. It has also provided an account for laws or provisions of laws which have been dismissed, declared repugnant or non-repugnant to Islam by the court. A comprehensive account of Islamic principles or injunctions presented by petitioners is narrated against each law. The interest of citizens, organizations and governments in seeking guidance of the court in regard to existing laws is highlighted.

A Research Study of Transfer of Hereditary Traits in the Light of Prophetic Hadith (PBUH) and Science

2025-03-21T04:40:01+00:00

In all living organisms the new generation resembles its predecessor. If these observations are understood and studied in more detail, it becomes clear that each succeeding generation resembles its previous generation in small ways. For example, eye color, hair color, nose, ear and facial structure are similar in some organisms from generation to generation. The chances of such resemblance are less with close relatives and more with one's parents. On the contrary, there is no resemblance to other men outside the family. Meanwhile, there are some characteristics found in the parents that are transferred from the parents to the children during the embryo because the parents have these characteristics hidden in themselves. For example, some diseases including the circulatory system, respiratory, pancreas and liver diseases. Apart from these, children have characteristics similar to their parents which are passed down from parents to children. Sometimes these traits are passed down from generation to generation. These are inherited traits.

The Importance and Role of Tafsir Books in Hadith Commentary: A Research and Analytical Study

2025-03-21T06:41:32+00:00

This research explores the significance of Tafsir (Qur'anic exegesis) books in the interpretation and commentary of Hadith. Islamic scholars have long emphasized the interrelation of various Islamic sciences, asserting that a Hadith commentator cannot fully grasp the depth of Hadith without an understanding of related disciplines, particularly Tafsir. The study examines how early scholars integrated multiple sciences, highlighting the necessity of both primary (usuli) and auxiliary (alati) sciences in Hadith interpretation. Through an analysis of classical Tafsir works, including those of al-Tabari, Ibn Kathir, and al-Suyuti, this paper demonstrates how Qur'anic exegesis provides essential context for understanding the meanings, applications, and jurisprudential implications of Hadith. It also underscores the indispensable role of Hadith in explaining the Qur'an, proving that both are inseparable in Islamic scholarship. The research concludes that comprehensive Hadith commentary is incomplete without the insights drawn from Tafsir, reinforcing the necessity for scholars to engage with both disciplines for a holistic understanding of Islamic teachings.

A Historical and Intellectual Review of Islamic Politics

2025-03-30T08:05:27+00:00

Some orientalists claim that the dominance of the Islamic State was only for 40 years after that its downfall started and at the end of this downfall, it will die because every civilization has three phases, rise, fall and end e.g., Babylonian and Egyptian civilizations. Their hypothesis is not correct because Islam is not like other material civilizations. It is a Din, not only a religion and it covers all aspects of human life materially and spiritually. History proved that if Islamic politics fails for a certain era spiritual Islam helps it for its existence. So, it is very important to study Islamic Politics intellectually and historically and to review it with a realistic approach.

Exploring the Relationship between Head teachers' Leadership Efficacy and Teachers' Engagement in Professional Learning Communities in Balochistan, Pakistan

2025-04-06T10:23:07+00:00

This study investigates the relationship between head teachers' leadership efficacy and teachers' engagement in professional learning communities (PLCs) within the educational context of Balochistan, Pakistan. Leveraging Social Cognitive Theory (SCT), the research examines the extent to which leadership efficacy influences teachers' collective efficacy and their practices of knowledge sharing within PLCs. Employing a quantitative research design, data were collected from 823 head teachers across Balochistan using structured survey instruments. The findings underscore the critical role of head teachers in fostering professional environments that encourage collective teacher engagement, ultimately contributing to improved student outcomes. The study offers significant implications for educational policy and leadership training programs aimed at enhancing the efficacy of head teachers in developing and sustaining PLCs.

Pakistan AI and Economics Network For Global Research and Commercialization

2025-04-06T10:44:29+00:00

This article analyzes the part of information and financial development, particularly within the setting of advanced advances. Around the world, innovation plays a critical part in changing the world into a global town. Science, building, and innovation are changing at a rapid pace. Innovation may be a way of extending information. In any case, innovation has its focal points and impediments. Positive steps are required to alter mindsets. The article also analyzes the correct off to get to computer information, which undermines the legitimate change of worldwide information, research-based instruction, and financial advancement. Distinctive individuals have different opinions. Researchers have come up with numerous thoughts for reflection and contemplation. This ponder, which contains a brief history of the advancement of information, ought to give a few great bits of knowledge.

The Tradition of Manqabat in Urdu Naat

2025-04-06T11:30:36+00:00

In Urdu literature, the trend of writing Manaqib (panegyrics) eventually led to the publication of numerous anthologies and collections on this theme. Many poets have also compiled and published their works in book form. In contemporary times, research papers are being written on the Manaqib of various poets. The inclination to incorporate Manaqib within Na'at (devotional poetry) is prominent among Urdu poets, a trend deeply influenced by Persian poetry, while also reflecting theological and ideological leanings. References to The Praised and Noble Prophet Muhammadﷺ, his family (Ahl-e-Bayt), his wives (Azwaj-e-Mutaharat), and his companions (Sahabah) often appear in Na'at poetry in a timely and relevant manner. Furthermore, many poets also celebrate revered figures from the Ummah, including popular saints and scholars, within their Manaqib. This article highlights selected verses of Manaqib dedicated to the Rightly Guided Caliphs and the companions of the Prophet ﷺ who were also Na'at poets, focusing on their praise and admiration of these historical figures.

Role of Artificial Intelligence in Teaching and Learning at University Level in Pakistan: Challenges and Implications

2025-04-09T06:25:10+00:00

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a growing technological field capable of changing teaching and learning and every aspect of our social interaction. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has stimulated every field of life. Teaching and learning are no exception. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has changed teaching and learning. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is intelligence shown by machines and software which work like human intelligence effectively and accurately for long hour. Artificial intelligence is being used in every walk of our daily life and human deeds. Artificial intelligence has improved the performance of industry, service, security, medical, weather forecasting, engineering, business, teaching and learning at every level. How this innovative technology has affected teaching and learning at university level in Pakistan. The objectives of the research study were to examine the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in teaching and learning at university level in Pakistan, to explore the challenges for Artificial Intelligence (AI) in teaching and learning at university level in Pakistan, to find the implications Artificial Intelligence (AI) in teaching and learning at university level in Pakistan. Methodology of the study was as, Mixed method design was used. Population of the study were all faculty members of all public and private sectors universities. Through simple random sampling technique sample of the study was four Head of the Departments (HODs), four faculty members from all public and private sectors universities of all public and private sectors universities in Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Role of artificial intelligence was evaluated through self-developed Questionnaire. Data analysis techniques for this study were used t-Test, mean score and percentage. Findings of the study were Majority of the head of the departments and faculty members were aware about the concept of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in public and private sector universities. Only few faculty members were using Artificial Intelligence (AI) in their teaching and learning process. It was difficult for faculty members to use Artificial Intelligence (AI) in their teaching and learning process because of less knowledge. Majority of the head of the departments and faculty members did not know AI applications. Only few universities were using Artificial Intelligence (AI) in their teaching and learning process. Recommendations were faculty members be given training about Artificial intelligence. HEC should encourage about use of Artificial Intelligence in teaching and learning at the university level in Pakistan. Special courses/workshops will be conducted for Artificial intelligence in teaching and learning at the university level in Pakistan. HEC should start special drive for the use of artificial intelligence in the public and private sector universities in Pakistan. University stakeholders should encourage the faculty members and students for the use of artificial intelligence in teaching and learning.

The Social Aspect of the Apostasy of Musaylimah, the Liar (A Review of the Orientalists' Perspective)

2025-04-15T06:39:22+00:00

There is abundant evidence of the dissuasiveness of self-indulgence in one’s personal, social, territorial or cultural traditions throughout human history. These temptations have the potential to lead the man astray. During the Pre-Islamic era, it was nearly impossible for a single person to live an independent life amid the diverse clans and families that made up the Arabic Civilization. The Arabian tribes had their hierarchy in the form of Lords, Chiefs and Commoners. The leaders had to strive for honor and dignity of their tribes. Early conflict in the Makkan society was largely based on tribal rivalries, for example, the rivalry between Banū Umayyah and Banū Ḥāshim and other tribes. But the charismatic personality of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) put an end to these rivalries and made a stand for justice and virtue alone. Following his demise, the tribal hostilities erupted again which may be considered as one of the causes of apostasy among the various tribes of Arabian Peninsula. This was also the case with Musaylimah, the Liar, with the assertion that he proclaimed prophethood to preserve the cultural and ethnic customs of his tribe. Other tribes joined him for the same reason as they were not ready to surrender before the supremacy of Quraysh. Sufficient evidence can be traced from the books of history on the issue. Some orientalists have also highlighted this aspect of his apostasy. This research paper is meant to explore the social reasons behind the apostasy claimed by Musaylimah. This paper will also analyze the view of orientalists in this regard.

Security Alliances in Regional Integration in Asia: Analyzing Strategic Opportunities and Underlying Risks

2025-04-16T05:33:26+00:00

This paper examines the role of security alliances in regional integration, focusing on their strategic opportunities and underlying risks. In an increasingly interconnected global landscape, security alliances play a crucial role in shaping the political, economic, and security dynamics of regional cooperation. By utilizing a multi-theoretical approach that incorporates Realism, Liberalism, and Constructivism, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of how these alliances impact the integration process. Realism emphasizes the competitive nature of security alliances, where state interests and power dynamics often drive collaboration. Liberalism highlights the potential for cooperation and mutual benefit through alliances, while Constructivism examines the influence of identity, norms, and shared values in fostering integration. Through this theoretical lens, the paper explores how security alliances influence the stability of regions and the relationships among key global and regional actors. It analyzes the motivations of states and non-state actors involved in these alliances, considering their roles in advancing or hindering regional cooperation. The study also applies Game Theory models, such as the Prisoners' Dilemma and Stag Hunt, to understand the strategic interactions between states and predict potential outcomes in regional cooperation scenarios. The paper further evaluates the risks and challenges associated with security alliances, including the potential for escalating conflicts, reinforcing geopolitical divisions, and creating dependency. It also forecasts future scenarios for regional integration, exploring both optimistic and pessimistic outcomes. By identifying the opportunities and risks inherent in security alliances, the paper offers valuable insights for policymakers and international stakeholders, providing a foundation for strategies aimed at promoting regional stability, mitigating risks, and fostering sustainable integration. Ultimately, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of the complex dynamics of regional integration in the context of security alliances.

Antiquity Style and Places of Interest in Chakwal: An Historical Analysis

2025-04-18T04:44:25+00:00

District Chakwal was established on July 1, 1985, after being a tehsil of District Jhelum. It is connected to the rest of the province by the Grand Trunk Road and M-2 Motorways, with about 79 kilometers running through it. Chakwal has a rich history, dating back to ancient times. During Mughal emperor Babar's rule, seven tribes, including Awan’s, Waince, and Rajput’s, settled in the area. Prominent families like Chaudhary’s, Awan’s, and Rajput’s are still influential today. The region has also been ruled by Hindu Shahi kings, Mughals, and Sikhs. Chakwal, known as “the jewel of Potohar,” features beautiful canyons at Thirchak-Mahal and various lakes. The district's highest point is Chehl-Abdal hill, rising 3,500 feet, which is popular for hiking and has religious significance. Kallar Kahar, at 2,500 feet, and the Katas Raj temple-fort in Choa Saiden Shah are also notable tourist spots, especially during the annual Shivratri pilgrimage. Chakwal has a mix of natural beauty and historical sites, making it a potential tourist hub. Visitors can explore old forts and ancient temples set against stunning plateau views. The present study highlights the places of interest in Chakwal, because the topic has been selected in view of the significance of the historical places in Chakwal. In this paper, an attempt has been made to explore the important places of Chakwal with special reference to the Muslims, Hindus architecture. The study took place in Karyala, Chakwal, using a qualitative approach. Data was gathered through key informants and in-depth written and oral forms of the history. It found that preservation issues hinder Pakistan's tourism economy despite its rich cultural heritage.