Green Entrepreneurship in Pakistan: Testing a Multi-Mediator Model of Policy Support and Behavioral Outcomes" Contextualizes the study geographically.

Authors

  • Vaneeza Jannat University of Central Punjab, Gujranwala Campus
  • Aamar Ilyas Assistant Professor, University of Central Punjab, Gujranwala Campus
  • Dr. Waqar Munir University of the Punjab, Gujranwala Campus
  • Dr. Abdul Hafeez Imperial College of Business Studies Lahore
  • Akasha University of Central Punjab, Gujranwala Campus
  • Bushra University of Central Punjab, Gujranwala Campus
  • Momna University of Central Punjab, Gujranwala Campus

Abstract

This study examines the relationship between government support and green entrepreneurial behavior (GEB) among students in Gujranwala, Pakistan, with a focus on the mediating roles of green entrepreneurial self-efficacy (GESE), intention (GEI), and passion (GEP). Grounded in Social Cognitive Theory, the Theory of Planned Behavior, and Entrepreneurial Passion Theory, the research employs a quantitative, cross-sectional design to test 10 direct and 11 indirect hypotheses. Data were collected from 450 students using a structured questionnaire, and analysis was conducted using SPSS and Hayes’ PROCESS macro for mediation testing. Results indicate that government support significantly predicts GEB (β = 0.28, *p* < 0.001) and all three mediators: GESE (β = 0.39), GEI (β = 0.34), and GEP (β = 0.31). Mediation analysis reveals that GESE, GEI, and GEP fully mediate the relationship between government support and GEB, with GEP exhibiting the strongest indirect effect (β = 0.15, 95% CI [0.10, 0.21]). Sequential mediation pathways (e.g., GS → GESE → GEI → GEB) further explain 36% of the variance in GEB, highlighting the interplay of cognitive and affective factors in driving sustainable entrepreneurial actions. The study contributes to green entrepreneurship literature by empirically validating a multi-mediator model and underscores the importance of psychological mechanisms in translating policy support into behavior. Practical implications include recommendations for policymakers to design targeted programs that enhance self-efficacy and passion, and for educators to integrate sustainability into curricula. Limitations include geographical constraints and reliance on self-reported data, suggesting future research should adopt longitudinal and cross-cultural designs. These findings advocate for integrated policy-psychological interventions to foster green entrepreneurship in emerging economies.

Keywords: Green Entrepreneurship, Government Support, Self-Efficacy, Entrepreneurial Intention, Entrepreneurial Passion, Pakistan

Author Biography

  • Vaneeza Jannat, University of Central Punjab, Gujranwala Campus

    (Corresponding author)

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Published

2025-08-08

Issue

Vol. 5 No. 3 (2025): July-September 2025

Section

Articles

How to Cite

“Green Entrepreneurship in Pakistan: Testing a Multi-Mediator Model of Policy Support and Behavioral Outcomes" Contextualizes the Study Geographically”. 2025. Al-Asr International Research Journal of Islamic Studies 5 (3): 436-57. https://al-asr.pk/index.php/alasr/article/view/211.