Causes of Religious Extremism in the Contemporary Era and Its Solutions in the Light of Islamic Teachings

عصر حاضر میں مذہبی انتہاپسندی کے اسباب اور اسلامی تعلیمات کی روشنی میں اس کا حل

Abstract

In the contemporary era, religious extremism has emerged as a significant intellectual, social, and human problem, the effects of which are evident not only in Muslim societies but also at the global level. Since religion plays a fundamental role in shaping an individual’s intellectual, moral, and practical life, a proper understanding of religious teachings contributes to the promotion of peace, moderation, tolerance, and mutual respect in society. Conversely, an inadequate understanding of religious texts, prejudice, emotional intensity, intolerance, and the interpretation of religious injunctions outside their proper context can lead to extremist attitudes and behaviors. Islam, in its fundamental teachings, consistently emphasizes moderation and balance and discourages both excess and negligence. The Qur’an describes the Muslim community as a “moderate nation” (Ummatan Wasatan), thereby guiding it toward a balanced and moderate character, while the life and teachings of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ provide a practical model of justice, mercy, forgiveness, tolerance, wisdom, and good social conduct. In the contemporary era, important factors contributing to religious extremism include ignorance of religious teachings, inadequate moral and educational upbringing, socio-economic deprivation, political instability, sectarian prejudices, the spread of unauthenticated religious content through social media, and the intellectual vulnerability of young people. In view of this situation, it is essential to academically and critically examine the underlying causes of extremism and formulate effective strategies for its prevention in the light of Islamic teachings. This study seeks to highlight moderation, tolerance, dialogue, justice, and mutual respect as fundamental means of combating extremism in the light of the Qur’an and Sunnah, the Prophetic biography, and Islamic ethical principles.