Justice and Accountability in the Era of Farooq-e-Azam: Hazrat Umar's Practical Model of Self-Accountability toward His Own Family دورِ فاروقی میں عدل و احتساب: حضرت عمرؓ کا اپنے خاندان پر خود احتسابی کا عملی نمونہ

Abstract

The era of Farooq-e-Azam was a model period of Islamic caliphate, distinguished by timeless values of justice, accountability, and integrity. The caliphate of Hazrat Umar Ibn Al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) is renowned not only for the vast expansion of Islamic conquests, but more importantly for the unique judicial and moral standards established under his rule—standards that hold a remarkable place in human history. Under his leadership, a comprehensive system of justice was implemented for the entire Ummah, and his personal character was so upright and unblemished that even his own family members—including his sons, brothers, and close relatives—were not considered above the system of accountability. For Hazrat Umar (RA), the foremost principle of governance was that every individual entrusted with public responsibility is equally accountable, without any exceptions. He believed that if a close relative of the Caliph committed a violation of law, granting leniency would not only be unjust but a betrayal of the trust placed in the leadership by the Ummah. This mindset became the foundation of his governance and was reflected in numerous decisions and administrative actions. His period of rule was exceptional in that he never allowed familial relationships to influence state affairs. To him, leadership was not a means for personal or tribal gain but a sacred trust, with every moment subject to accountability before Allah. That is why, even when his own son took a minor advantage from public wealth, Hazrat Umar (RA) held him strictly accountable and ensured that the excess was returned. His approach to governance demonstrated his unwavering belief in equality and the supremacy of law. He frequently wrote to his governors, emphasizing that no one should be given preferential treatment due to their family status or personal ties. His close relatives were subjected to the same standards as the general public—and at times even stricter scrutiny—so that no one could claim protection under the shadow of power. The clearest evidence of his justice was the public’s confidence in seeking justice even against the Caliph’s own family, without fear or hesitation. This noble conduct earned Hazrat Umar (RA) a place among the greatest rulers in human history. The system of accountability established during his caliphate continues to serve as a beacon for all justice-oriented systems around the world. He led by example, beginning accountability with himself and setting a high moral standard for others to follow. Hazrat Umar (RA) proved that justice is not just a set of ideals, but a way of life—one that, if adopted with sincerity, piety, and honesty, can reform nations and empires. There is a dire need today to revive the model of accountability from the era of Farooq-e-Azam. It is in light of this necessity that the following article has been written.