A Comparative Analytical Study of Environmental Protection in the Light of Abrahamic Religions

Abstract

Abstract

This study examines the origins, evolution, and modern relevance of environmental ethics and responsibility within the three Abrahamic religions: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Through an analysis of sacred texts, theological perspectives, and legal traditions, it argues that environmental care occupies a central place in each faith rather than being a secondary concern.

In Judaism, ecological responsibility is reflected in principles such as bal tashchit (the prohibition against unnecessary destruction) and tikkun olam (the obligation to improve and repair the world), both of which are incorporated into Jewish legal thought. Christianity, although historically associated with the idea of human dominion over nature, has increasingly emphasized stewardship, particularly through contemporary teachings such as Laudato Si’, which presents environmental protection as a moral and spiritual duty. Islam likewise offers a rich ecological framework through Qur’anic references to nature as signs of God (ayat), the concept of khilāfah (human trusteeship), and Prophetic teachings that stress harmony (mīzān) and responsibility (amānah).

The article also compares ethical approaches across the three traditions, identifying common values as well as differences in theology and legal practice. Furthermore, it explores interfaith cooperation, public policy contributions, and future opportunities for joint action in confronting environmental challenges, including climate change. The study concludes that, despite theological distinctions, the Abrahamic faiths share ethical resources capable of fostering collective responses to contemporary ecological problems.